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Cape Spear |
Cape Spear, located on the Avalon Peninsula near St. John's, Newfoundland, is the easternmost point in Canada (52°37'W).
There is currently a dispute as to whether Cape Spear is the most easterly point in North America. Nordost Rundingen, Greenland or Semisopochnoi Island, Alaska could also be considered to be the most easterly point.
The Portuguese named this location "Cabo da Esperança" which means "cape of hope", which became "Cap d'Espoir" in French and finally "Cape Spear".
Cape Spear is the trailhead/trail end for two components of the East Coast Trail.
There has been a lighthouse operating at Cape Spear since September 1836. The original Cape Spear lighthouse was the second lighthouse built in Newfoundland; the first was built in 1810 at Fort Amherst, at the entrance to St. John's Harbour. In 1832, the first legislative assembly for the colony created a lighthouse board. Cape Spear was chosen as the site for a new lighthouse because it was on the rocky eastern coast near the entrance to St John's harbour.
Construction began in 1834. The first lighthouse was a square wooden building with a tower in the middle containing the light. A foghorn was added in 1878. The first light used at Cape Spear had already been used since 1815 at a lighthouse at Inchkeith on the east coast of Scotland. This light used seven Argand burners and curved reflectors. This was later replaced by a dioptric lens system; the light was first lit by oil, then acetylene and finally electricity in 1930.
Because of its proximity to convoy routes during the Second World War, a gun battery was installed at Cape Spear to defend the entrance to St. John's harbour. Barracks and underground passages leading to the bunkers were built for the use of troops stationed there.
A new concrete building was built to house the light in 1955. The original lighthouse building and the light keeper's residence have since been restored. It is the oldest surviving lighthouse in Newfoundland and the location has been designated a Canadian National Historic Site. Cape Spear was also used recently for filming of a hockey game in the Canadian television series, Road Hockey Rumble.
The other contenders for the title of easternmost location are Nordost Rundingen, Greenland and Semisopochnoi Island, Alaska.
Nordost Rundingen's claim to the title is that at 12°08' West it is the easternmost location in North America. On the other hand, Greenland is not politically a part of North America and its claim to the title is often rejected.
Semisopochnoi Island's cliam is that at at 179°37' East, only 23 minutes west of the 180th meridian, it is in the Eastern Hemisphere and is therefore furthest east. On the other hand, Semisopochnoi Island is part of the western state of Alaska and only lies in the Eastern Hemisphere because of a minor technicality based on an arbitrary point or meridian.
Cape Spear is only about 3 kilometers (1.86 miles) east of Blackhead, an amalgamated area of the City of St. John's, which is the undisputed eastern most community on a political map of North America.
For these and other reasons, Cape Spear is traditionally and popularly considered to be the easternmost location of North America.
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